KIDNEY FAILURE

Kidney failure symptoms often develop gradually, depending on whether the condition is acute or chronic. Common symptoms include:

• Swelling in legs, feet, and ankles
• Fatigue and weakness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Changes in urination (more or less than usual)
• Shortness of breath
• Confusion or trouble concentrating
• High blood pressure
• Sleep problems
• Metallic taste in the mouth
• Muscle cramps

In chronic Kidney Disease, there may not be any symptoms in the earlier stages.

Kidney failure can result from various conditions that impair kidney function. The most common causes include:

• Diabetes: High blood sugar levels over time can damage kidney tissues, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and, eventually, kidney failure.
• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Uncontrolled high blood pressure can strain the kidneys, reducing their ability to function properly.
• Infections & Injuries: Sudden loss of kidney function (Acute Kidney Injury).
• Autoimmune diseases
• Genetic Disorders: Conditions like Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD).
• Obstructions: Blockages due to kidney stones, tumors, or enlarged prostate can prevent proper urine flow, leading to kidney damage.

Doctors diagnose kidney failure through:

• Blood Tests: Measuring creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels to assess kidney function.
• Urine Tests: Checking for protein, blood, or abnormalities in urine.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound or CT scans.
• Biopsy: Examining kidney tissue.

Treatment depends on the severity of kidney failure and its underlying cause. Options include:

• Healthy Lifestyle: Eat well, stay active, and manage blood pressure.
• Medications: Control blood pressure and symptoms.
• Dialysis: A machine filters waste when kidneys can’t.
• Kidney Transplant: Replacing a failed kidney with a healthy one.

To reduce the risk of kidney failure, consider:

• Eat a balanced diet and stay hydrated.
• Control blood sugar and blood pressure.
• Avoid excessive use of painkillers.
• Get regular check-ups.